The diaphragm is a dome-shaped latex (rubber) cup with a firm flexible metal band, or spring rim. For use, the diaphragm is coated with a spermicidal cream or jelly and inserted into the vagina. The latex dome covers the cervix and holds the cream or jelly inside, directly against the cervix. The pubic bone helps hold the diaphragm in place. The diaphragm itself does not create a tight seal against the walls of the vagina. Sperm can swim around the rim of the diaphragm to the cervix. The spermicide will immobilize and kill these sperm before they enter the cervical canal.

Since the width of the vaginal canal varies with the woman, the diaphragm must be fitted by a doctor or clinician. The object is to select the largest one comfortable for the woman. This will help to insure that the diaphragm stays in place during sexual intercourse. Diaphragms are available from the Health Center at a cost of $16. Diaphragms must be refitted if the woman’s weight has changed by more than ten pounds, she has become pregnant (even if the pregnancy is terminated), she has had pelvic surgery or the diaphragm is causing any pain.

Advantages:

• The diaphragm does not cause any physical, chemical, or hormonal changes in the woman's body, and there are no serious side effects directly related to its use.
• It is used only when needed.
• Contraceptive jellies and creams made with nonoxynol-9 may decrease the risk of contracting AIDS.
• With proper care, a diaphragm will last several years.
• The diaphragm cannot generally be felt during intercourse.

• The diaphragm may be embarrassing or inconvenient for either partner to use since it requires thought and action before each act of intercourse.
• The diaphragm may slip out of place due to improper insertion.
• Some people may have allergic reactions to the rubber or spermicides.
• Diaphragm users may develop recurrent urinary tract infections, because the diaphragm may exert upward pressure on the urethra or bladder. Using a different type or size may alleviate this problem.
• Vaginal infections may result if the diaphragm is not properly cleaned and dried between usage, or if left in for too long.
• There exists a risk of Toxic Shock Syndrome.
• A woman may have trouble inserting or removing the diaphragm correctly on any given occasion and need to be prepared to use an alternate method.

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